据埃菲社4月12日报道,美国前大使维克托·曼努埃尔·罗查在法院举行的听证会上认罪后,于12日在迈阿密联邦法院被判处15年监禁,罪名是“为古巴从事长达40年的间谍活动”。

报道称,现年73岁的罗查曾任美国驻多个拉美国家大使,被指控一项“充当外国政府(古巴)的非法代理人”罪名,另一项罪名是串谋犯下同样的罪行并“欺骗美国”。

这名哥伦比亚裔前外交官去年12月在迈阿密被捕,还被指控涉嫌十几项与“欺诈和伪造文件”有关的罪行。

在大约四个小时的听证会上,十几名流亡抗议者涌入法庭,要求对罗查判处最高刑罚。法院最终判处其15年监禁和50万美元罚款。

检察官戴维·纽曼在听证会结束后的新闻发布会上表示:“罗查在美国政府担任多个要职时却秘密充当古巴政府的代理人。这是对美国人民的惊人背叛。”

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《美国“叛国大使”被判15年监禁,罪名是“为古巴从事40年间谍活动”》有7条评论
  1. Tsh wiederum induziert eine erhöhte t4-Produktion und/oder t4-Freisetzung durch die Schilddrüse.
    Bei einem Ferritin-Bluttest wird der Ferritinspiegel in Ihrem Blut gemessen. Sind Ihre T4-Testergebnisse nicht im Normbereich, werden wahrscheinlich weitere Schilddrüsentests durchgeführt werden müssen, um eine genaue Diagnose
    stellen zu können. Ein Test, der sowohl freies als
    auch gebundenes T4 misst, wird als „Gesamt-T4-Test” bezeichnet.
    Bei einigen Exams können Störungen durch Anti-Maus-Antikörper und hohe Biotindosen auftreten. Man misst das freie Thyroxin in der Regel zusammen mit tsh oder aufgrund eines pathologischen tsh-Wertes. Durch diese Untersuchungen lässt sich der Rückkopplungsmechanismus in der Schilddrüse überprüfen; man erhält so Hinweise auf die Ursache einer Schilddrüsenfehlfunktion. Zur weiteren Diagnostik wird sehr häufig auch die Untersuchung auf t3 herangezogen. Gesamt- und freies Thyroxin werden zur Überprüfung der Schilddrüsenfunktion bestimmt. Gesamt-t4 wurde früher bei der Diagnostik von Fehlfunktionen der Schilddrüse eingesetzt. Die Auswirkungen dieser Krankheitsbilder auf die Schilddrüsenhormonproduktion werden mit Hilfe der Bestimmung des freien Thyroxin, eventuell ergänzt durch einen t3-Test, überwacht.
    Dadurch gelingt es der Schilddrüse, die jodhaltigen Schilddrüsenhormone zu bilden. Zu ihnen gehört das Thyroxin, kurz T4, und das Trijodthyronin, T3. Des Weiteren unterstützt das Hormon die Umwandlung des T4 in die wirksame Form. Damit ein Gleichgewicht zwischen den Werten herrscht, regulieren die Schilddrüsenhormone im Gegenzug die Ausschüttung des TSH. Mit einem Schilddrüsen-Schnelltest erhalten die Verbraucher einen Überblick über die Konzentration des Thyreoidea-stimulierenden Hormons. Haben Sie laut Labortest weder eine Über- noch eine Unterfunktion, sollten Sie trotzdem die Ursachen für Ihre Beschwerden untersuchen lassen.
    Ein besonderes Augenmerk kommt der Schilddrüse in der Schwangerschaft zu. In der Schwangerschaft muss die Schilddrüse den um 50% erhöhten Schilddrüsenhormonbedarf von Mutter und Sort regeln. Leider ist die Untersuchung der Schilddrüse während der Schwangerschaft keine kassenärztliche Regeluntersuchung, sondern eine freiwillige sogenannte IGEL-Leistung. Daher lohnt es sich bereits in den ersten Schwangerschaftsmonaten Eigeninitiative zu ergreifen, und seine Schilddrüse zu prüfen. Bei TSH handelt es sich um ein Hormon, welches in der Hirnanhangsdrüse gebildet wird und Thyroidea stimulierendes Hormon bedeutet. TSH wird an das Blut abgegeben und sorgt dann für die Produktion Schilddrüsenhormone T3 und T4.
    Dadurch ist die Schilddrüse maßgeblich an Wachstumsprozessen beteiligt, aktiviert Fett- und Bindegewebsstoffwechsel sowie die Schweiß- und Talgdrüsen der Haut. Die optimalen Werte für freies T4 liegen für Erwachsene in der Regel zwischen 0,eight und 1,eight ng/dl. Um die Werte im normalen Bereich zu halten, ist eine ausgewogene Ernährung, die ausreichend Jod und Selen enthält, wichtig, da diese Nährstoffe für die Schilddrüsenfunktion von Bedeutung sind. Regelmäßige Bewegung und Stressmanagement können ebenfalls dazu beitragen, die Schilddrüse gesund zu halten. Bei bestehenden Abweichungen sollten Sie immer einen Arzt konsultieren, der eine entsprechende Therapie vorschlagen kann.
    In Deutschland entwickelt jede achte Schwangere eine Unterfunktion der Schilddrüse. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen liegen sie etwas über dem Normbereich der Erwachsenen. Mit zunehmendem Alter und abnehmendem Wachstumsprozess gibt die Hypophyse weniger TSH in den Blutkreislauf ab. Ein hoher Blutdruck, Nervosität, Herzklopfen, Haarausfall, gesteigerter Appetit und Gewichtsabnahme können beispielsweise auf eine Überfunktion der Schilddrüse hinweisen. Trijodthyronin T3 und Thyroxin T4 sind Schilddrüsenhormone, von denen ein Teil im Blut an Eiweiße gebunden sind. Das freie T3 und T4 wird medizinisch auch als fT3 und fT4 bezeichnet. Mit diesen freien Schilddrüsenhormonen können genaue Aussagen über die Funktionsleistung getroffen werden.
    Mit ihnen lässt sich überprüfen, ob eine Störung der Schilddrüsenfunktion vorliegt. T3 und T4 spielen bei der Schilddrüsendiagnostik eine wichtige Rolle und werden zusammen mit dem TSH-Wert bestimmt. Mit ihnen kann herausgefunden werden, ob eine Störung (Schilddrüsenüberfunktion oder Schilddrüsenunterfunktion) oder Entzündung der Schilddrüse vorliegt.
    Obwohl dies nicht häufig vorkommt, können einige Frauen während der Schwangerschaft eine Schilddrüsenerkrankung entwickeln. Eine Schilddrüsenüberfunktion tritt bei etwa zero,1 % bis 0,4 % der Schwangerschaften auf, während eine Schilddrüsenunterfunktion bei etwa 2,5 % der Schwangerschaften beobachtet wird. Erniedrigte T3 und T4 Werte deuten auf eine Schilddrüsenunterfunktion hin. Liegt tatsächlich eine Unterfunktion vor, wird der Arzt nach der Ursache suchen und Ihnen gegebenenfalls ein Hormonersatzpräparat namens Levothyroxin (L-Thyroxin) verschreiben. Sie werden einen Schilddrüsentest nicht zur Belustigung machen, sondern weil Sie an Beschwerden leiden und diese auf eine Fehlfunktion Ihrer Schilddrüse zurückführen. Der Schnelltest liefert nur einen Hinweis auf eine Unterfunktion, nicht auf eine Überfunktion. Durch eine Unterfunktion der Schilddrüse fühlen sich die Betroffenen müde, abgeschlagen und leiden unter einem niedrigen Blutdruck.

    References:

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  3. A typical guideline signifies that FSH ranges above 30
    IU/L (or 26 IU/L in some labs) might point out the ovaries are slowing down, hinting at menopause.
    Menopause is clinically recognized 12 months after a lady’s last menstrual period,
    often accompanied by signs like sizzling flashes and
    modifications in menstrual patterns. Nonetheless, blood exams alone can not reliably predict the
    timing of menopause, and outcomes can differ during the perimenopausal phase.

    Doctors may also make the most of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) test and advise repeating exams to confirm elevated
    FSH levels indicating menopause. Throughout your reproductive years, estradiol or
    E2 is the predominant form of estrogen. As we transition into menopause,
    estrone or E1 turns into the most common circulating estrogen. This is necessary
    to know because relying on the section of life
    you are in, your estrogen levels and the sort of estrogen will vary.

    My meticulous strategy ensures factual accuracy, conciseness, and engaging storytelling in each piece I edit.
    Michelle Darian is a registered dietitian with two master’s levels
    in diet and public health. She has worked for over five years at InsideTracker to
    communicate the science of diet and construct
    healthy, sustainable habits based on knowledge.

    However the urine test measures the metabolized model
    of the hormone. A urine check will measure PdG, which is a progesterone
    metabolite. While blood exams are thought of the gold commonplace for getting your hormone values
    checked, urine exams are equally accurate if no more. The liver must metabolize hormones before they are
    often eliminated through the urine. The liver processes hormones to make them more water-soluble and fewer energetic.
    This metabolization by the liver performs an essential role in sustaining wholesome hormone levels.

    In response, the pituitary gland increases FSH production to compensate for the malfunction. FSH
    ranges can fluctuate throughout a person’s
    life, with specific ranges established for various
    life phases, particularly for ladies. An AMH blood degree check
    is used to see how properly the ovaries are functioning, while a blood or urine hCG check determines whether or
    not you could be pregnant. Hormone blood exams aren’t needed to
    make a analysis of menopause but can be useful for women to observe
    the results of hormone replacement remedy
    (HRT).
    Estradiol primarily comes from the ovaries, adrenal glands,
    and fatty tissues. This hormone performs an important function in the development of female sex
    characteristics—like breasts—and in regulating the menstrual cycle and replica.
    Hormone receptor testing is mostly really helpful
    for all breast cancers, including DCIS. If your doctor orders this
    check, you could be requested to discontinue taking any prescribed hormones for a period of time before the
    breast tissue pattern is obtained. Usually, the pattern comes from
    a biopsy, but the test can also be performed on tissue removed during a lumpectomy or mastectomy.
    It is commonplace of care nonetheless to acquire these type of pathology results
    on biopsy tissue.
    E2 ranges decline modestly through the ovulatory phase after which improve again steadily until the midpoint of the luteal phase and in the
    end decline again to early follicular levels. An estrogen check is used to measure
    the levels of estrogens in a person’s body. Estrogens are hormones that play a crucial role in the feminine reproductive system and are additionally found in smaller quantities in males.
    Testing estrogen levels can help decide the chance of sure well being situations and the effectiveness
    of hormone therapy.
    Each of these types of estrogen carries powerful messages that in the end help regulate various physiologic
    capabilities. Blood testing to measure ranges of estrone, estradiol, and estriol is used to assist
    diagnose numerous medical situations in each females and males.
    An estrogen blood test is a medical check that measures the
    levels of estrogen hormones in the bloodstream.
    To reduce dangers, educated professionals perform the procedure using sterile equipment.

    You have to check BOTH complete and free testosterone schedule drug and intercourse hormone-binding
    globulin (SHBG) to get a transparent picture of
    what exactly is happening. If we wish to talk about when to check hormones,
    we should understand how the menstrual cycle works and the way doctors talk about it in terms of
    timing. Turnaround time is outlined as the standard variety of days from the date of
    pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is launched to the ordering provider.
    In some instances, extra time should be allowed for extra confirmatory or further reflex tests.
    Your physician could order an additional blood check to verify your thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as hypothyroidism could
    cause symptoms which are just like menopause.

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