荷兰一名72岁男子创下了新冠感染时间最长的记录，他持续患病613天，病毒在他体内累积了50多个突变。阿姆斯特丹大学的研究人员近日表示，这是到目前为止，记录中个体感染时间最长的一例。在此之前，记录的个体新冠感染时间最长病例是一名英国男子，他在去世前感染了505天。该校医学中心人员将于本月下旬，在欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会大会（ECCMID 2024）上介绍这一病例。
据了解，该患者于2022年2月被确诊为奥密克戎变体感染。由于他之前已经患有血液病，尽管多次接种疫苗，其免疫系统仍未能产生足够的白细胞或抗体来对抗新冠病毒。医疗团队尽管尝试了各种治疗方法，但他的身体对治疗药物产生了耐药性，免疫系统无法有效清除病毒。由于免疫系统衰弱和血液病复发，该患者于2023年秋季在医院离世。经过多次采样分析，阿姆斯特丹大学的研究团队发现，新冠病毒在男子体内潜伏期间发生了几乎50次的突变，其中一些突变能让病毒逃避他体内免疫系统的防御，并最终形成了一个“超级突变的变种”。不过，目前没有迹象表明他将这种“超级突变的变种”传染给了他人。
“感染新冠长达20个月”和“超级突变”听起来骇人，但阿姆斯特丹大学医学中心的医学生玛格达·弗戈韦却表示：“在这个案例中，感染的持续时间是极端的。相比普通大众，免疫抑制患者的长期感染更为常见。”欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会也指出，健康人感染新冠病毒后通常可在几天到几周内清除病毒，但免疫功能低下的人可能会持续感染，病毒复制和进化时间延长。有观点认为，最初出现的奥密克戎变体可能源于免疫功能低下患者，这凸显了对这类患者进行密切基因组监测的重要性。此前的研究还发现，那些在2021年变种之前感染新冠、未接种疫苗或多次感染新冠的患者中，“长新冠”（感染新冠病毒3个月后还有症状，最少持续2个月）情况更为普遍且症状更为严重。
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